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:''This article is about the Portuguese poet; for the Brazilian psychic, see João de Deus (medium); for the Saint, see John of God''. João de Deus Ramos (March 8, 1830 – January 11, 1896), better known as João de Deus, was one of the greatest Portuguese poets of his generation. ==Biography== He was born in Silves, São Bartolomeu de Messines, in the province of Algarve, son of Pedro José Ramos (son of José dos Ramos and wife Joaquina Maria) and wife Isabel Gertrudes Martins (daughter of Manuel Martins and wife Gertrudes Angélica). Matriculating in the faculty of law at the University of Coimbra, he did not proceed to his degree but settled in the city, dedicating himself wholly to the composition of verses, which circulated among professors and undergraduates in manuscript copies. In the volume of his art, as in the conduct of life, he practised a rigorous self-control. He printed nothing previous to 1855, and the first of his poems to appear in a separate form was ''A Lata'', in 1860. In 1862 he left Coimbra for Beja, where he was appointed editor of ''O Bejense'', the chief newspaper in the province of Alentejo, and four years later he edited the ''Folha do Sul''. As the pungent satirical verses entitled ''Eleições'' prove, he was not an ardent politician, and, though he was returned as deputy for the constituency of Silves on April 5, 1868, he acted independently of all political parties and when general elections were called the following year, he did not seek renewal of his mandate. The renunciation implied in the act, which cut him off from all advancement, is in accord with nearly all that is known of his lofty character. In the year of his election as deputy, his friend José António Garcia Blanco collected from local journals the series of poems, ''Flores do campo'', which is supplemented by the ''Ramo de flores'' (1869). This is João de Deus' masterpiece. ''Pires de Marmelada'' (1869) is an improvisation of no great merit. The four theatrical pieces -- ''Amemos o nosso próximo'', ''Ser apresentado'', ''Ensaio de Casamento'', and ''A viúva inconsolável''—are prose translations from Méry, cleverly done, but not worth the doing. ''Horácio e Lydia'' (1872), a translation from Pierre de Ronsard, is a good example of artifice in manipulating that dangerously monotonous measure, the Portuguese couplet. He married Guilhermina das Mercês Battaglia, born in Lisbon on July 12, 1849, daughter of António Battaglia, of Italian descent, and wife Maria Madalena Soares, and had two sons: José do Espírito Santo Battaglia Ramos (Lisbon, April 4, 1875 – Lisbon, April 20, 1943), who was created 1st Viscount of São Bartolomeu de Messines, who married Spanish María del Carmen Gómez y Sánchez (Lisbon, February 18, 1882 – Lisbon, October, 1919) and had issue; and João de Deus Ramos, who married Carmen Syder, of paternal English descent, and had female issue. As an indication of a strong spiritual reaction three prose fragments (1873) ''Anna, Mãe de Maria, A Virgem Maria'' and ''A Mulher do Levita de Ephraim'' translated from Darboy's ''Femmes de la Bible'', are full of significance. The ''Folhas soltas'' (1876) is a collection of verse in the manner of ''Flores do campo'', brilliantly effective and exquisitely refined. Within the next few years the writer turned his attention to educational problems, and in his ''Cartilha maternal'' (1876) first expressed the conclusions to which his study of Pestalozzi and Fröbel had led him. This patriotic, pedagogical apostolate was a misfortune for Portuguese literature; his educational mission absorbed João de Deus completely, and is responsible for numerous controversial letters, for a translation of Theodore-Henri Barraus' treatise, ''Des devoirs des enfants envers leurs parents'', for a prosodic dictionary, and for many other publications of no literary value. A copy of verses in António Vieira's ''Grinalda de Maria'' (1877), the ''Loas da Virgem'' (1878) and the ''Provérbios de Salomão'' are evidence of a complete return to orthodoxy during the poet's last years. By a lamentable error of judgment, some worthless pornographic verses entitled ''Cryptinas'' were inserted in the completest edition of João de Deus' poems — ''Campo de Flores'' (Lisbon, 1893). He died in Lisbon on January 11, 1896, was accorded a public funeral and was buried in the National Pantheon, the Jeronymite church at Belém, where repose the remains of Camões. His remains were later moved to the Church of Santa Engrácia, the new National Pantheon. His scattered minor prose writings and correspondence have been posthumously published by Teófilo Braga (Lisbon, 1898). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「João de Deus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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